● 語態(tài) ● 時(shí)態(tài) ●句式 ● 選詞

光看這幾個字感覺好抽象啊，撓頭想想到底是怎么個意思呢？味如嚼蠟般，不知所云。別著急，跟著米姐接著往下看。有這筆譯四步法，走遍天下都不怕，簡直算得上是翻譯界的萬金油??！

接下來舉幾個栗子加深對應(yīng)用四步法翻譯的理解和體會：

1 我們學(xué)校明天舉行運(yùn)動會。

語態(tài)

語態(tài)中首先選擇主語，再決定用被動還是主動語態(tài)。

錯譯

Our school will hold the sports meeting tomorrow.

不能將學(xué)校當(dāng)作主語，這里可以將運(yùn)動會 Sports meet 作主語，被動語態(tài)。

時(shí)態(tài)

明天，用一般將來時(shí)

句式

簡單的一般句

選詞

Meeting 會議

① N-COUNT A meeting is an event in which a group of people come together to discuss things or make decisions. 會議

例:Can we have a meeting to discuss that?

我們可以開個會來討論那件事嗎？

② N-SING You can also refer to the people at a meeting as the meeting. 參會人員

例:The meeting decided that further efforts were needed.

與會者認(rèn)為進(jìn)一步的努力是需要的。

③ N-COUNT When you meet someone, either by chance or by arrangement, you can refer to this event as a meeting. 碰見

例:In January, 37 years after our first meeting, I was back in the studio with Dennis.

1月份，在我們初次相遇的37年后，我和丹尼斯一起回到了工作室。

Sports meet

參考翻譯

The sports meet will be held at our school tomorrow.

2 新中國成立于1949年。

語態(tài)

新中國為主語，被動語態(tài)

時(shí)態(tài)

過去式

選詞

The People's Republic of China 新中國

The new China 是錯的

參考翻譯

The People's Republic of China was founded in 1949.

▲年份也可以做主語

當(dāng)這個句子以1949年作主語時(shí)，要用founding 還是 foundation?

① N-COUNT The foundation of something such as a belief or way of life is the things on which it is based. 基礎(chǔ)

例：Best friends are the foundation of my life.

良友們是我生活的基礎(chǔ)。

例：The issue strikes at the very foundation of our community.

這個問題嚴(yán)重影響到我們社會的基礎(chǔ)。

② N-COUNT A foundation is an organization which provides money for a special purpose such as research or charity. 基金會

例： ...the National Foundation for Educational Research.

…全國教育研究基金會。

③ N-PLURAL The foundations of a building or other structure are the layer of bricks or concrete below the ground that it is built on. 地基

④ N-UNCOUNT If a story, idea, or argument has no foundation, there are no facts to prove that it is true. 根據(jù)

例：The allegations were without foundation.

這些指控沒有根據(jù)。

⑤ N-MASS Foundation is a skin-coloured cream that you put on your face before putting on the rest of your makeup. 粉底霜

例： Use foundation and/or face powder afterwards for an even skin tone.

隨后使用粉底霜和（或）粉餅以使皮膚色調(diào)均勻。

founding/?fa?nd??/

① ADJ Founding means relating to the starting of a particular institution or organization. 成立的[ADJ n]

例：The committee held its founding congress in the capital, Riga.

委員會在首都里加舉行了成立大會。

參考翻譯

1949 witnessed the founding of the People's Republic of China.

3 人們認(rèn)為，特朗普政府將會推動美國和俄羅斯的雙邊關(guān)系發(fā)展。

語態(tài)

主語為 It，It is said / believed 人們認(rèn)為

句式

句式和語態(tài)息息相關(guān)，在這里是固定搭配， It is said that…

選詞

? 人們認(rèn)為:It is said / believed

不能譯為 People think

? 特朗普政府:Trump administration

Trump government 是不地道的

? 推動什么的發(fā)展 promote

不需要字對字的翻譯，如 promote the development

? 雙邊關(guān)系 bilateral relations

參考翻譯

It is believed that Trump administration will promote the bilateral relations of the US and Russia.

4 過去一年，我國發(fā)展面臨多重困難和嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)，在以習(xí)近平同志為總書記的黨中央堅(jiān)強(qiáng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，全國各族人民攻堅(jiān)克難，開拓進(jìn)取。

時(shí)態(tài)

總結(jié)過去，用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)

選詞

主席 General Secretary

區(qū)別「聯(lián)合國秘書長 Secretary General」

參考翻譯

In the past year, China has encountered many difficulties and challenges in its development.However, under the leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) headed by General Secretary XiJinping, all the people of China have worked to overcome obstacles and have pressed ahead with a pioneering spirit.

▲漢語的句間關(guān)系，如轉(zhuǎn)折，并列，條件等要素，必須提煉并點(diǎn)明。此處存在隱藏的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以特別補(bǔ)充了 However。

5 中國一貫堅(jiān)定支持、積極參與聯(lián)合國維和行動。

時(shí)態(tài)

一貫，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，表明中國一直是這個狀態(tài)。

選詞

聯(lián)合國維和行動：UN peacekeeping operations

▲詞性的轉(zhuǎn)換：動詞轉(zhuǎn)名詞

支持：動詞名詞化為 supporter, 翻譯中盡量用名詞，用詞簡練精辟，且無時(shí)態(tài)的變化，避免犯錯。

參考翻譯

China has been a firm supporter of and an active participant in UN peacekeeping operations.